Buddha (Seated)

       Locality unknown. About 4th Century AD.

     May be from Kushan area. Image of seated Buddha in Dharmachakra Pravartana mudra with cloak in Mathura Kushan early Gupta fashion encircling the neck and covering the shoulder.

Bodhisattva

     Peshawar. About 3rd Century AD.

     Bodhisattva standing with two hands right showing abhaya and left holding the kundika. A halo encircling his head behind. He is seen adorning a long hara in his neck. His hair is arranged in Graeco-buddhist fashion with the usnisha at the top.

     The collection of the early Buddhist sculptures includes the large group of sculptures received from the ruined stupa at Amaravati in the Krishna valley in the Andhra country wherein an excavation was conducted in the 1801 and later.Colonel.Colin Mackenzie of the Trigonometrical Survey of India first heard of the mound in the area and visited the site and found it was very interesting as it had specimens of early Christian era art. Then he drew sketches of the site and left. Later in 1830 some of the sculptured slabs were brought to Masulipatnam to beautify a square named after Robertson, the District Collector. During the course of his visit to this place in 1835, Sir Frederick Adam, Governor of Madras, saw the slabs and ordered that these to be sent to Madras for preservation in the Museum of the Madras Literary Society. Dr.Balfour, soon after taking charge of the Madras Central Museum, began his efforts in getting the aforesaid slabs and the first batch arrived here in 1856. Other batches of sculptures were secured during Dr.Bidie's time and they were set up in their present location in the Museum. On the question of the arrangement and display of these Amaravati marbles in the Madras Museum in 1884-85, Dr.Bidie had to cross swords with no less a person than Burgess of the Archaeological Department of the Government of India, but while the distinguished archaeologist demonstrated more of dogmatism and heat, Dr.Bidie showed himself that he was the master of the situation and what he did was only practicable way of dealing with the sculptures. The reader should visualise the great Amaravati Stupa, a poetry in marble, the ninety feet high marble-encased cupola surmounted by big stone umbrellas, the series of tall slender marble columns on the platforms marking four cardinal points, the four festooned gateways flanked by lion-topped columns and the fourteen feet high, sculptured railing round the stupa, all of which, together, must have been a sight of glory! There are four periods of sculptures in the Amaravati group of sculptures.

Period I - 200 to 100 BC;   Period II - 100 AD;  Period III - 150 AD and Period IV - 200 to 250 AD.

Cross-bar with Sculptured Medallion (Period III)

     The sculpture depicts the story of the presents of king Bandhuma.

    King Bandhuma of Bandhumati received two presents consisting of a costly wreath and a precious sandal-wood. He distributed them to his two daughters. They in the turn, offered them to the Buddha, in his previous incarnation Vipassi. As a result of this, in their later rebirth, the elder of the two prinesss was born as Mayadevi, the mother of Gauthama, and the younger attained sainthood.

     In the sculpture the king is shown on a throne, attended by chauri-bearers. To his right are his two daugthers, the first seated and attended by maid servants and the second standing near the throne. Below the king's throne are pages offering the presents. Some men are shown on the right coming through an arched gate adjoining the palace. A horse and an elephant are also seen.

     The king's throne with rearing lions, the pages in tunic with curly hair, the coiffure of the maid servant at the feet of the seated princess and the archway are noteworthy.